Glossary of ICTP Implementation Support Practice Terminology

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Adaptive leadership

Demonstrating the strategies necessary to manage adaptive challenges – challenges wherein deeply held beliefs are challenged, the values that made us successful become less relevant, and legitimate yet competing perspectives emerge – within implementation and scale-up [1, 2].

Case conceptualization

Forming a full picture of how current individual, team, organizational, and system factors are working together to produce current progress towards, and barriers to, intended outcomes.

Co-creation

The active involvement of stakeholders in all stages of the production process, resulting in a shared body of usable knowledge across scientific, governance, and local practice boundaries [3, p. 117].

Community coalition

A relatively formal alliance of local organizations and individuals that have engaged to collectively address a community issue.

Core practice components (CPCs)

Proposed mechanisms of change that are essential for a program to function as designed.

Culture

A learned set of values, beliefs, customs, norms, and perceptions, shared by a group of people, that provides a general design for living and a pattern for interpreting life.

Disaggregated data

Data broken down by subcategories, such as race and ethnicity, geographic regions (e.g., urban/rural, zip codes, or community boundaries), family characteristics (e.g., single parents, family members who identify as LGBTQ+), or a variety of other sociodemographic constructs and characteristics.

Essential activities

Practice activities that directly contribute to the achievement of intended near-term outcomes of each core practice component.

Ethnicity

A social construct that divides people into smaller social groups based on characteristics such as shared sense of group membership, values, behavioral patterns, language, political and economic interest, history, and ancestral geographical base.

External implementation support

Support provided by individuals outside a service system aimed at influencing internal practice change and improvement among people, processes, and structures.

Fidelity

The extent to which a program or practice is being delivered as intended.

Habituation

A decrease in support participants’ discomfort or anxiety after repeated experiences of applying new implementation practices and strategies to affect change in team, organizational, or system environments.

Human agency

People’s ability to intentionally influence their own functioning and life circumstances.

Implementation

A specified set of activities designed to put into practice an activity or program of known dimensions [4, p. 5].

Implementation capacity: See system capacity.

Implementation climate

Employees’ shared perceptions of the importance of innovation implementation within the organization [5, p. 813].

Implementation drivers

The core components or building blocks of the infrastructure needed to support practice, organizational, and systems change when implementing or scaling a new program or practice [6, p. 13].

Implementation outcomes

The effects of deliberate and purposive actions to implement new treatments, practices, and services [7, p. 65].

Implementation performance

The level of quality at which essential implementation practices are carried out [8, p. 3].

Implementation practice

Tailoring and applying implementation approaches within context-specific settings to achieve intended outcomes.

Implementation research

Developing and testing generalizable approaches to applying effective interventions (e.g., programs, practices, and policies) in typical human service settings.

Implementation science

The scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of health services and care [9, p. 1].

Implementation stages

The recursive stages of the implementation process (i.e., exploration, installation, initial implementation, full implementation) through which organizations and systems support and promote new program models, innovations, and initiatives [6, p. 12].

Implementation strategies

Methods or techniques used to enhance the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of a program or practice [10, p. 2].

Implementation support

Support provided at the individual/team or organization/system level to ensure the capacity to scale Triple P with success and sustainability across communities, regions, and the state.

Implementation support practitioner (ISP)

An individual who provides a range of direct implementation support activities to ensure the success and sustainability of Triple P implementation and scale-up.

Implementation team

A structured group of individuals, internal to an organization or system, whose charge is to design and lead the implementation of selected programs and practices through the stages of implementation [11, 6].

Implicit bias (or hidden bias)

The numerous ways in which, through exposure to structural and cultural racism, people internalize stereotypes and biases, thus creating real-world implications such as the justification of racist policies, practices, and behaviors that persist in mainstream culture and narratives.

Improvement science

An applied science that emphasizes innovation, rapid-cycle testing in the field, and spread to generate learning about what changes, in which contexts, produce improvements in organizations and systems [12].

Inclusion

The action or state of including, or of being included within, a group or structure in a way that engenders authentic and empowered participation and a true sense of belonging.

Institutional racism

Racial inequity within institutions and systems of power, such as places of employment, government agencies and social services [13].

Intermediaries

Organized centers or partnerships, often housed within universities or nonprofit organizations, that support state and local agencies to support a wide range of programs using research evidence to improve child, family, and community outcomes.

Internalized racism

Acceptance by members of stigmatized races of negative messages about their own abilities and intrinsic worth.

Media and networking system

Resources and abilities for the development, implementation, and acceleration of mass communication strategies that bring science-based messages into a community’s context to reinforce behavior change strategies within the community.

Personally mediated racism

Prejudice (i.e., differential assumptions about others’ abilities, motives, and intentions based on their race) and discrimination (i.e., differential actions toward others based on their race).

Practice activities

The discrete behaviors and activities implementation support practitioners (ISPs) may use to influence intended practice outcomes.

Practice enhancers

Practice activities that accelerate or otherwise enhance the realization of intended near-term practice outcomes, even if outcomes may be sufficiently achievable in their absence.

Purveyor

An individual or group that provides training and technical assistance for implementers or supporters of a program, usually through a close relationship to the program’s developer.

Quality and outcome monitoring system

Resources and abilities to support the collection, analysis, reporting, and use of both qualitative and quantitative data for decision making and ongoing improvement processes related to implementation and scale-up.

Race

A classification of human beings based on phenotype (observable characteristics), often used to create or maintain social and political power.

Racial privilege

Race-based advantages and preferential treatment based on skin color [13].

Racist policy

Any measure—including written and unwritten laws, rules, procedures, processes, regulations, and guidelines that govern people—that produces or sustains racial inequity between racial groups.

Readiness

The extent to which members of organizations are psychologically and behaviorally prepared—based on willingness to change, abilities to change, and perceived fit of the change with long-term aspirations—to implement organizational change [14, p. 381].

Scale-up (or scaling): Systematic approaches used to increase the coverage, range, and sustainability of an intervention [15].

Self-efficacy

An individual’s belief in their ability to perform a particular course of action in a particular situation.

Self-regulation

An individual’s ability to influence and manage their own behaviors and motivation.

Social cognitive theory

The theory that learning and performance occur within a social context in which people are active agents who can influence and be influenced by their environment [16, 17].

Structural racism

Differential access to goods, services, and opportunities of society by race.

System capacity (or implementation capacity)

A system’s resources and abilities to successfully and sustainably carry out programs and practices to a level of desired performance [18].

Theory of change

A model of how one or more interventions or activities—including essential partners, capacities, and processes—are expected to result in a desired change or changes.

Triple P – Positive Parenting Program

An evidence-based system of parenting and family support interventions designed to achieve population-level benefits related to socially important child and family outcomes (e.g., reduction in child maltreatment).

White privilege

The set of social and economic advantages that White people have by virtue of their race in a culture characterized by racial inequality.

Workforce development system

Infrastructure consisting of practitioner recruitment/selection, training, and coaching processes to support the development of practitioner competence and confidence to deliver a program or practice with fidelity and in response to parent/family needs, preferences, and cultural values.

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